MCQ on Genetic Material Pdf
MCQ on DNA as a Genetic Material:
What is Genetic Material?
- About 98% of the DNA in the cell is distributed on the chromosomes in the nucleus, so the main carrier of the genetic material is the chromosome.
- In addition, mitochondria in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts also contain genetic material, so they are also carriers of genetic material.
- In 1928, British scientist Griffiths used two strains of pneumococcus, namely capsule (virulent, S type) and non-encapsulated (non-toxic, R type), to carry out transformation experiments in mice.
- It is proved that the capsule of pneumococcus is controlled by DNA.
- In 1952, American scientists Hershey and Chase made the famous experiment of phage infecting bacteria to prove DNA as genetic material.
Characteristics of Genetic Material:
Scientists have analyzed and concluded that as genetic material, it must have the following characteristics:
1. The molecular structure has relative stability;
2. It can self-replicate;
3. It can guide the synthesis of proteins;
4. It can produce a heritable variation.
Multiple Choice Questions on Genetic Material:
1. The genetic material of an organism is________
A. nucleic acid
B. protein
C. DNA
D. RNA
Answer: C
2. The genetic material of Viruses is_________
A. DNA
B. DNA or RNA
C. RNA
D. None of these
Answer: B
3. What stores the genetic information in DNA?
A. Sugar
B. Phosphate
C. Nitrogenous base
D. Polymerase
Answer: C
4. Building blocks of nucleic acids are ____________
A. Nucleotides
B. Nucleosides
C. Amino acids
A. Histones
Answer: A
5. The RNA→RNA pathway of genetic information is complementary to the central dogma, and the following organisms capable of this transfer are______
A. Tobacco
B. Tobacco mosaic virus
C. bacteriophage
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B
6. Allele located at_______
A. DNA on both strands
B. On two sister chromatids
C. On two non-homologous chromosomes
D. on the tetrad
Answer: D
7. Definite results proving DNA to be genetic material were given by __________
A. Fredrick Griffith
B. Hershey and Chase
C. Avery, Macleod, and McCarty
D. Meselson and Stahl
Answer: C
8. The transformation experiment of Streptococcus pneumoniae can prove that________
A. DNA is the genetic material
B. DNA controls protein synthesis
C. Proteins are not genetic material
D. All of these
Answer: D
9. Experiments with phages infecting bacteria have shown_______
A. Protein is hereditary
B. DNA is the genetic material
C. DNA is the main genetic material
D. Protein and DNA are genetic material
Answer: B
10. Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct
A. The five-carbon sugars in DNA and RNA are the same
B. The elements that makeup DNA and ATP are of the same type
C. The genetic information of the T2 phage is stored in RNA
D. The number of purines in a single-stranded DNA molecule equals the number of pyrimidines
Answer: B
11. Fredrick Griffith’s experiment involving Streptococcus pneumonia lead to the discovery of____________
A. DNA as genetic material
B. RNA as genetic material
C. Protein as genetic material
D. Transforming principle
Answer: D
12. In addition to proving that DNA is the genetic material, the experiment of phage infecting bacteria can also prove that______
A. DNA can produce heritable variation
B. DNA controls protein synthesis
C. The carrier of the DNA molecule is the chromosome
D. DNA molecular structure is a double helix
Answer: B
13. DNA is the main genetic material________
A. The main carrier of genetic material in the chromosome
B. The genetic material of most organisms is DNA
C. Most of the NDA in cells is on chromosomes
S. Chromosomes play an important role in genetics
Answer: B
14. The following characteristics that are not necessary for genetic material are________
A. It has a double helix structure
B. The molecular structure is relatively stable
C. capable of self-replication
D. Can store a lot of information
Answer: A
15. Nucleic acids are a polymer of nucleotide monomeric units. Each nucleotide consists of_______
A. base-sugar-OH
B. sugar-phosphate
C. base-sugar-phosphate
D. base-sugar
Answer: C
16. Which of the following are not the components of RNA?
A.Thymine
B. Adenine
C. Guanine
D. Cytosine
Answer: A
17. Hershey proved that DNA is the genetic material through the experiment of T2 phage infecting bacteria. The experiment includes 4 steps:
1) Infect unlabeled bacteria with phage
2) Label phage with 35 S and 32 P, respectively;
3) Radioactive detection;
4) Centrifugal separation. The order of the experimental steps is
A. ①②④③
B. ④②①③
C. ②①④③
D. ②①③④
Answer: C
18. The general characteristics of genetic material are________
A. The molecular structure is relatively stable
B. capable of self-replication
C. Can store a lot of information
D. All of these
Answer: D
19. How is the genetic material expressed?
A. By replication and transcription
B. By transcription and translation
C. By translation and modification
D. By mutation and transposition
Answer: B
20. In the transformation experiment of pneumococcus, the transformation factor for the transformation of R-type bacteria into S-type bacteria is_______
A. Capsule
B. protein
C. R-type RNA
D. S-shaped DNA
Answer: D
21. Who proved that DNA was indeed the genetic material through experiments?
A. Alfred Hershey and Maclyn McCarty
B. Oswald Avery and Maclyn McCarty
C. Oswald Avery and Martha Chase
D. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Answer: D
22. The work of Hershey and Chase shows that________
A. Viruses have DNA but no protein
B. Bacteria have DNA but no protein
C. Genetic material includes DNA and proteins
D. Genetic material is DNA
Answer: D
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