Ecology MCQ Questions and Answers Pdf

Multiple Choice Questions on Ecology and Environment

1. The term for the new science – “ecology” was proposed_______

a) Ch. Darwin 

b) V.I. Vernadsky 

c) Aristotle 

d) E. Haeckel

Answer: D


2. First ecologist is________

a) Pliny the Elder 

b) Theophrastus 

c) Aristotle 

d) Hippocrates

Answer: C


3. The concept of an ecosystem was introduced by an English botanist … 

a) V. Vernadsky 

b) G. Gause 

c) V. Dokuchaev 

d) Arthur Tensley

Answer: D


4. Ecology is the science of________

a) the impact of pollution on human health 

b) the relationship of living organisms with each other and with the environment 

c) the impact of pollution on the environment 

d) the impact of human activities on the environment

Answer: B


5. Ecology can be divided into…

a) theoretical and applied 

b) applied and social 

c) general and theoretical 

d) private and applied

Answer: A


6. The main, traditional part of ecology as a biological science 

a) theoretical 

b) practical 

c) private 

d) general

Answer: D


7. One of the founders of “animal ecology” 

a) M.V. Lomonosov 

b) V.I. Vernadsky 

c) S.P. Krasheninnikov 

d) P.S. Pallas

Answer: D


8. Branch of applied ecology, which deals with the study of ways of the best settlement of people in cities, taking into account their interests_______

a) recreational ecology 

b) industrial (engineering ecology 

c) urban ecology 

d) building ecology

Answer: C


9. He discovered the evolution of life and made a classification of animals … 

a) K. Line 

b) Ch. Darwin 

c) J.B. Lamarck 

d) M.V. Lomonosov

Answer: C


10. Such a problem as the “greenhouse effect” will be solved at the … level. 

a) regional 

b) national 

c) interstate 

d) global

Answer: D


11. A branch of ecology that develops economic mechanisms for rational use of natural resources and opportunities to reduce the negative impact on the environment_______

a) legal ecology 

b) human ecology 

c) general ecology 

d) economic ecology

Answer: D


12. Branch of general ecology that studies the relationship between organisms of the same species (within populations) and the environment________

a) demecology 

b) animal ecology 

c) autecology 

d) synecology

Answer: A


13. The main environmental problems of mankind are associated with________

a) environmental crisis 

b) population growth, depletion and degradation of natural resources and environmental pollution 

c) environmental pollution 

d) irrational use of natural resources

Answer: C


14. The pyramid of biomass is inverted in___________

a) forest ecosystem

b) grassland ecosystem

c) fresh water ecosystem

d) tundra

Answer: C


15. The final stable community in an ecological succession is called the_______

a) final community

b) ultimate community

c) climax community

d) seral community

Answer: C


16. The concept of ecological pyramid was first proposed by_______

a) E.P. Odum

b) A.G. Tansley

c) Juday

d) Charles Elton

Answer: D


17. All the statements are correct regarding ecological succession except________

a) It is a random process

b) Species diversity increases as succession proceeds

c) The food chain relationships becomes more complex

d) The role of decomposers becomes more and more important

Answer: A


18. Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding ecological pyramids________

a) The pyramid of energy is inverted in ocean ecosystem

b) The pyramid of biomass is inverted in aquatic ecosystem

c) The pyramid of numbers is upright in grass land ecosystem

d) The pyramid of biomass is upright in grass land ecosystem

Answer: A


19. A group of individuals of a plant or animal species, inhabiting agiven area is called___________

a) Biome

b) Population

c) Ecosystem

d) Community

Answer: B


20. The greenhouse effect associated with the accumulation of carbon dioxide, soot and other particulate matter in the atmosphere will cause_________

a) a decrease in the transparency of the atmosphere, which will lead to cooling 

b) an increase in average temperature and will contribute to an improvement in the climate on the planet 

c) an increase in temperature and will lead to adverse changes in the biosphere

d) None of these 

Answer: C


21. The study of global problems is engaged in__________

a) philosophy 

b) global ecology 

c) global studies 

d) global economy

Answer: C


22. Overpopulation occurs_______

a) where the population is greater than the resources of food, water and fuel allow 

b) where the average population density exceeds 250 people per km2 

c) in the underdeveloped countries of Africa 

d) in countries with a high level of resource consumption per capita

Answer: A


23. The scientist who made botany an independent science, separating it from zoology

a) C. Darwin 

b) K. Liney 

c) Theophrastus 

d) Aristotle

Answer: C


24. The ratio between energy flow at different points in a food chain is known as________

a) Ecological capacity

b) Ecological efficiency

c) Ecological assimilation

d) Ecological potential

Answer: B


25. In an ecosystem, the energy flow is always

a) Always unidirectional

b) Always bidirectional

c) In any direction

d) Always down directional

Answer: A


26. The natural place of an organism or community is known as__________

a) Niche

b) Biome

c) Habitat

d) Habit

Answer: C


27. Which statement is correct with respect to the food chain?

a) Every component of food chain forms trophic level

b) Inter-relation between different food chains is known as a food web

c) All the chains formed by nutritional relations is used to understand energy flow.

d) All of the above

Answer: D


28. Which is not the characteristic of a population?

a) Natality

b) Mortality

c) Stratification

d) Sex ratio

Answer: C

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